Transformational acting Essay Example For Students

Transformational acting Essay Transformational acting is a another technique our group choose to utilize as it shows the characters current feelings and raw selves in order to transform who they are and their emotional ranges into that of the characters they portray. In doing so, they function, take action and live the reality and lifestyle of these characters, without having to use the past or imagining the future. Amir, as narrator moves in and out time and instigates the time changes and actor transformations. An example of this is in scene two; Amir begins to tell the story of how he and his family came to be in Australia and in doing so creates the shift in time and enterers/ becomes the character he is telling the story about. He starts the scene off by making the audience believe he is about to narrate the story when all sudden he starts grabbing characters, Stephanie becomes Penny Boulton and Brendan becomes James Boulton and the story goes on to take a and intriguing turn. This is an effective technique as it really engages the audience by keeping them intrigued in the play as it draws them into the story and is an interesting way of acting out the story rather then just narrating it. This was an important technique we choose to utilize as it was throughout the play as a means of telling the story. We will write a custom essay on Transformational acting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There where also various techniques in A Beautiful Life that we choose not to utilize. The symbol of the rose being one of them. This was mainly due to the fact that we could not adequately explore and develop this idea of freedom through the use of roses given the amount of time that we have.  A Beautiful Life follows the Brechtian, theatre of cruelty and contemporary theatre performance conventions in order to challenge assumptions rethink beliefs or reaffirm certainties. The Brechtian idea of retelling a story or events to assist the audiences understanding is used in our performance. The ideas of justice, abuse of power and prejudice are important issues the combined story of the protest and the refugee explore to communicate to an Australian audience as means of provoking social change as Brecht conventions indented it to be. An example of this is the way our performance positions the audience to see the Iranians in a sympthetic way. We show cruel, harsh and unfair imprisonment and its conditions forcing the audience to become discussed with what theyve seen and call for social change. Theatre of cruelty is the attack on the scenses and aims at challenging audiences pre conceived ideas and innocent conceptions to create new awareness so as the audience can actively take this movement and change the cause and reasons for this such extortionary theatre, using a minimalist stage, lighting and minimalist costumes. Contemporary Australian Drama is the means in which a story is developed in new ways to assist audiences interpret the ideas and images presented in the theatre. In A Beautiful Life and our play some of the unique techniques used to convey the issues of modern theatre are used, these being: transformational acting, narrator, and non-English language, to convey modern Australian issues of multiculturalism. Our play uses the techniques, conventions, background and the ideas presented in A Beautiful Life to create a small scale version of the combined histories of the refugee musician and the Iranian Embassy protest. We have conveyed the ideas of modern Australian issues regarding multiculturalism, prejudice, injustice and brutality to through an array dramatic forms and techniques. We have accurately conveyed a reflection on the ways in which our Performance reflects the performance style, dramatic techniques and conventions, conveys ideas and develops a response from the audience, and reflects the historical and social background A Beautiful Life presents.

Compare And Contrast Two 1900 War Poems Essays

Compare And Contrast Two 1900 War Poems Essays Compare And Contrast Two 1900 War Poems Paper Compare And Contrast Two 1900 War Poems Paper Essay Topic: Poetry People write poetry for many reasons. War poetry is written mainly to express feelings. War poems can achieve catharsis and are sometimes written in remembrance. They express deep emotional states such as love, hate, suffering and joy. War can amplify all of these feelings so it is likely that poetry would be written about it. The Charge Of The Light Brigade was written by Alfred Tennyson as a memorial for the brave heroes which died during the battle against the Russians. It is a pro-war poem: Honour the Light Brigade The Battle Of Blenheim is an anti-war poem. The view the poet wants to get across is spoken through the children, Peterkin and Wilhelmine. Why twas a very wicked thing! I think the author made a mistake in choosing the children because children are not respected enough to speak an unpopular view and be taken seriously. If he had chosen a character of higher status then the public would have paid more attention to his opinions. Tennysons poem is very straight forward, using limited vocabulary. Cannon to the right of them, Cannon to the left of them, Cannon in front of them This makes it attractive to the people of the time, most of which would have been poorly educated. It would appeal to more people than Robert Southeys poem. This is because Southeys poem in my opinion, is too well written. It is too clever for the audience to which it is directed at. Southeys poem is much more complex. It uses irony where Old Kasper refers constantly to the great victory when the view the poet is giving is that it was far from great. At first glance it seems a simple poem but after analysis the true meaning of the authors writing comes to light. Certain metaphors projected through grotesque images show the disturbing understated themes of this piece. There is juxtaposition of the incongruous imagery concerning the innocence of the pastoral setting and the grim skull and plough. He came to ask what he had found, That was so large and smooth and round. The above rhyming couplet on its own seems harmless until you realise what Peterkin has found is a skull! The skull is the personification of death. It symbolises the past while the children are visions of the future. The children; the future, are literally digging up the past. Skulls are obvious representations of death while the youthful children holding it shows juxtaposed incongruous images. Children are related to life innocence and goodness. The buried skull is showing the reality of the past has become buried and the lies are unearthed by the goodness of the future. Kasper is intended to be the stereotypical view of adults. He sounds as if he was programmed with what little information he has on the battle. He was unquestioning and when he tries to programme his grandchildren in the same way he dismisses their inquisitive minds in a way which seems patronising even to those so young. The words great victory have become his mantra and it seems this is all he knows about the battle. I find it sad Kasper found no need to form his own opinion of the battle. He is full of so much blind faith which he has learned seemingly by rote from unreliable sources. And often when I go to plough, The ploughshare turns them out! I imagine Old Kasper saying this in such a casual way that you would never dream he was talking about ploughing skulls! The image is highly ironic as ploughing is a way of rebirth and new life while in the piece of poetry they are harvesting death and bodies. The author expresses his view through the children, as mentioned before. The questions the children are made to ask are themed with confusion and perplexity as to why all the terrible happenings associated with the great victory had to occur. A hint to the authors perceptions of the war are shown in the fifth stanza. Wilhelmine asks: Now tell us all about the war, And what they fought each other for. I believe asking why the two sides fought each other is quite a sophisticated question to ask and this is what makes me assume it is the poets own questions showing through. The Charge Of The Light Brigade is written to make the best of a bad situation. It boosts morale by portraying the six hundred as gallant and heroic. Boldly they rode, and well The tragic truth of the matter had been glorified to try and disguise it and make it easier for the public to come to terms with. That is what the poetry was written for, to influence the opinion of the general public. Alfred Tennyson is said to have written this poem quickly in response to a report he read. Certain factors make it obvious to me it was written in short time. When comparing it to The Battle Of Blenheim you can see whilst they both use writing techniques they are very different. Tennysons simple, accessible vocabulary; alliteration; repetition and use of rhetorical questioning gives his poem a punchy feel and an edge over Southeys unspecific; complex; well concealed; slow moving piece of poetry. In The Battle Of Blenheim Peterkin and Wilhelmine question Kasper about the great victory. The questions all remain unanswered by the end of the poem. They are left unanswered because Old Kasper does not know the answers. It is aimed to make you ask the same questions yourself. In The Charge Of The Light Brigade the questions use rhetoric. When can their glory fade? It is intended to include the reader. It makes the positive stand out. You are not supposed to think about the answer to the question. Yours should be the same as the authors. Tennysons poem is full of kinetic energy. As it is set in a battlefield it is very active. In comparison, Southeys poem is absolutely static. The tale does not leave the cottage door and field. The Charge Of The Light Brigade is more action packed. To close I would like to summarise that Tennysons poem was written to boost the morale of the country. For that reason it is an unreliable narrative. It was not written from the heart as he was telling people what they wanted to hear. Southeys poem is more true to his own feelings. I respect this poem more as it was not a popular view of war at the time but he stood up for what he believed in which was peace. Southeys undervalued, slight way of projecting his viewpoint may not have earned him as much money as Tennysons exaggerated style but it was genuine which has earned him the respect he deserves from some if not many.

A Critical Evaluation of the Quality of Employee Relations Essay

A Critical Evaluation of the Quality of Employee Relations - Essay Example Using this theory it is possible to provide an account of the many different parts and link them together using the functions each play in keeping the whole system running (Nicholls 2003, pg. 18-19). This report critically asses the quality of employee relations that exist at Coca Cola Company. It will look at the internal arrangement of the company and specifically its Human Resource Management structure and how the company uses levels of relations to improve its productivity and reputation (Budd, 2012). The report will also look at the ethic and culture of the company and the impact of employer-employee relationship in Human Resource Management in the company. Coca Cola was invented on May 8th 1886 in Atlanta USA by Dr John Stitch Pemberton. The formula was patented by Asa Candler when he bought the formula from the inventor. In 1893, it was registered as a trade mark and shortly thereafter could be found in practically all the states in America (Hyman, 1975, pg. 25). Due to Asa Ca ndler’s aggressive marketing techniques by the late 1890s it was one of the most popular drinks in America. At present Coca Cola is present in more than 200 countries and has over 500 brands and 300 beverages. It has an associate employment population of over 92,000 worldwide and net operating revenue of over $31.9 billion (December 31st 2008) Coca Cola is the most recognizable brand in the world today. The use of systems theory in analyzing employee relations has its shortcomings. The concept implies that the subject matter is capable of description while suggesting that the realm of employment is a definite system that exhibits common values that hold it together, hence giving it the appearance of a system (Hyman, 1989, pg 25). It is also argued that to define employee relations strictly in terms of rules and regulations is a very narrow and restrictive. Nevertheless systems theory gives an important framework for describing the context of employee relations. It has created terms that have been accepted in the subject of employee relations. This approach was adopted in United Kingdom by a number of scholars. Clegg (1979) took this concept, contextualized it in the British understanding and came out with a definition. He defines it as the study of rules governing employment and the way rules are formulated, changed and administered (Clegg 1979, pg.1). Therefore; employee relations are the methods of formulating rules and regulations which governs the work place. Employee relationship is the process of managing diversity and change which necessitates maintaining employer-employer relationships that contribute to adequate productivity and motivation. The systems theory avers that there are three main broad areas that constitute employee relations. These are (i) inputs, (ii) processes and (iii) outputs. The inputs have three elements in it. The first being the actors. The actors are represented by the trade unions, management, employee associations and th e public bodies mandated to regulate employment (Clegg 1979, pg. 1). The second factor is the context or environment, which is usually complex and dynamic. The workplace is not only affected by the policies and procedures in place there, the internal environment, but also by economic, political and social developments beyond it, the external environment. The last factor is ideology. Industrial relations create a common body of ideas and beliefs regarding the role of the players which in turn helps the system to operate. The outputs are the rules and regulations which are in two parts, substantive and procedural. Substantive part deals with matters like pay, overtime, holidays and the way in which a job should be accomplished.

Visual arts and film studies IP5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Visual arts and film studies IP5 - Essay Example These three art works have been taken from the Baroque, Renaissance and Enlightenment period – three different movements in history that greatly influenced the art and artists of their time. Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Ecstasy of St. Teresa The Ecstasy of St. Teresa is one of the greatest masterpieces that have been sculpted by the baroque artist, Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Bernini created this life-sized sculpture in white marble for the Cornaro Chapel in Rome under the commission of Venetian  Cardinal Federico Cornaro. This sculpture depicts the scene from the autobiography of Teresa of Avila, a nun and reformer, when she was under the throes of religion ecstasy when the Angel sent by God pierced her heart with a pointed arrow. Done entirely in white marble, Bernini in this detailed sculpture has managed to achieve a variety of textures such as the fold of the Angel’s cloth, the texture of the clouds and the sculpted body of the Angel. Bernini has also added drama to the sc ulpture through the strategic placement of the art piece within the Chapel. The sculpture is placed in a niche where the sculpture is overcast with light falling from above in such a way that the sculpture appears private and secluded. The use of light and dark is typical of the Baroque technique of chiaroscuro (Strickland and Boswell, 2007). Bernini, himself was a devout Catholic and was the favored artist of Pope Barberini but following his accession of Innocent X, Bernini soon fell out of the favor of the new Pope. It was during this time that Bernini was approached by Cornaro and created this sculpture. However, the theme of religion is apparent in this sculpture also since Bernini attended mass regularly and was part of the movement known as Counter Reformation. Counter Reformation was a movement where the church and devout Catholics wants to bring back the passion for the Christ that Protestants had managed to attack furiously in their Reformation movement. This sculpture is t ypical of the Baroque period when most of the artwork was based on the theme of reviving the religious theme and their passion for the people. Baroque tended to favor the elaborate and the dramatic while also emphasizing on detail. The sculpture of St. Teresa is a perfect example of the Baroque period. Michelangelo and the Creation of Adam The Creation of Adam is a fresco created by Renaissance artist, Michelangelo. This fresco is located on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican, Rome and was commissioned by Pope Julius II. This fresco uses symbolic imagery as Michelangelo makes the pointing of the two fingers the focus of the fresco to depict the creation of Adam by God. The pointing of fingers illustrates God giving the breath of life to Adam. This fresco along with the rest of the frescos painted on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is adapted from the Book of Genesis and thus represents a religious theme. The use of bright colors and outlines make the ceiling more eye-cat ching and clearly visible. Michelangelo was reluctant to work on these frescos since his expertise was sculpture rather than frescos but these frescos marked Michelangelo as one of the best artists in the history of art. While fresco was not the forte of the great artist, elements within the fresco brand these fresco as the work of Michelangelo, such as the use of nude males that were characteristic of the great artis

The Meaning of the Patriotism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Meaning of the Patriotism - Essay Example There is a close connection of patriotism with nationalism; however, the difference between the two is pretty much clear and open to all. This means that a man’s love and commitment towards a nation is not limited to only the area of land which he calls it his homeland rather the aspect of patriotism is much more than what is imagined. It is certainly a rule which needs to be connected with his thinking and patriotic individual always remains loyal to his country. It is a fact that the aspect of patriotism has remained different in a number of important ways. It is considered in different meanings and tones all over the world but the basic meaning is similar to everything. It is the bond of love or attachment that one has with his own country. Socially this concept has also had different consequences and meanings in the background of various movements, wars and where patriotism could change the way in which these events have been started. Patriotic movements usually last for a longer period of time since these aim to get the rights which have been denied. Thus patriotism is something more of a trend than anything else if seen broadly. The societal connotation of patriotism is somewhat close to what is noticed for nationalism yet the difference as stated above is there. However, the society keeps a strict check on the levels of patriotism which usually do not change every now and then.

Specific Learning Difficulties: Dyslexia

Specific Learning Difficulties: Dyslexia Reading has become essential skill for all societies. it affects social development of these communities. Students with dyslexia have difficulties in reading skill and that may impede the development of other skills they have. Moreover, Dyslexia has been defined by medical and social approach. The need to work with children with dyslexia direction to use intervention programs. For example, Reading Recovery program. In addition, teachers tend to teaching students with reading difficulties by Whole Language Instructions and Code- Emphasis Instructions. On the other hand, there many dyslexia friendly schools in deferent countries which provide many facilities for students with dyslexia. This paper will look into different definitions of dyslexia , causes of dyslexia will be discussed . Intervention for dyslexia will be examined in terms of stages of intervention in England , issues associated with intervention and also focus on a major world-wide programme: Reading Recovery. Teaching Me thods for students with reading difficulties will be examined in terms of Whole Language Instructions and Code- emphasis Instructions. Finally, there will be discussion for Facilitating dyslexia friendly schools. Contents Introduction 1. Definition of dyslexia.. 2. Causes of dyslexia 3. Intervention for dyslexia 3.1 Definition of intervention 3.2 Stages of intervention in England 3.3 A major world-wide programme: Reading Recovery.. 3.4 Issues related to intervention 4. Methods of teaching reading skills for children with dyslexia. 4.1 Whole Language Instructions 4.2 Code- Emphasis Instructions 5. Facilitating dyslexia friendly schools Conclusion Bibliography INTRODUCATION Reading is a necessary skill for success in all societies, and the ability to read throughout various contexts effectively likely to improve self confidence and social progress as well as ones potential carrier. However, Reading difficulties is the problem that faces many students with dyslexia across different educational system. It seems clear that there are two main methods of conceiving LD in general and the natural reality concept of dyslexia. One main definition relates to psychological/medical model and the other is social model (Kevin, 1999). It is frequently point out that reading skill is complicated because it is based on two main processes which are coding, comprehension. They require learning all alphabetical characters and the outcome of knowledge as well as interaction with the readers own experiences and access to results through the text. According to H. Lee Swanson, Karen R. Harris, Steve Graham (2006 ) reading difficulties is deficit in learning processes which are include visual perception and perceptual Kinetic perception,.. etc. They established training programs for this processes which are prerequisite for learning to read, such as audio and visual perception. However, this trend has been criticized by researchers, because theoretical philosophy was weak and it was not based on scientific basic due to it was certified to see only virtual behavior. On the other hand, in the sixties and seventies of the last century has returned to focus on direct teaching and structured learning, which focus on Code -emphas is and Whole Language (Hoien, 2000).Unfortunately, there is no known medical alternatives to reduce the severity of cognitive processing delay in pupils with reading difficulties. Therefore, teachers are required to work instructional adjustments as a result, students with reading difficulties are to be successful in an suitable an academic environment that help to reduce reading difficulties (such as eliminate any source of disturbance at mainstream classrooms and resource room). One of the most important instructional adjustments is use of basic procedures for appropriate intervention in early stage of educational ladder to avoid reading problems in students through use of various programs of intervention by specialized teachers and clinical psychologist to apply. Moreover, another instructional adjustment which is methods of teaching students with dyslexia how do they read?(Kevin L. Huitt ,1999 ). On the other hand , dyslexia friendly schools are an appropriate environment for children with dyslexia are to provide effective support to them and they have awareness of the special needs of these students. They are to be provided with effective support and awareness of their additional requirements. The aim of this brief essay is to discuss different definitions of dyslexia. Intervention to reduce reading difficulties in students with dyslexia will be discussed with a focus on stages of intervention in England , issues associated with intervention and also focus on a major world-wide programme: Reading Recovery. Teaching Methods for students with reading difficulties will be examined in terms of Whole Language Instructions and Code- emphasis Instructions . Finally, Facilitating dyslexia friendly schools will be discussed in brief. 1. Definition of Dyslexia It seems a controversial issue relatively in the beginning, because dyslexia has defined in many approaches, some of the definitions reflect the theories of causation, while the other definitions in an attempt to describe dyslexia. It seems clear that dyslexia involves more than one condition as it conveys a conceptual difficulty in reading skills for the child as well as a number of other reasons (Rice, 2004). There are many of reliable definitions that have been adopted from a wide range of different instruction environments, such as definition of the British Association for Dyslexia (2001), which seems to be a descriptive definition , which indicate that dyslexia can be seen as : A combination of abilities and difficulties which affect the learning process in one or more of reading, spelling, and writing. Accompanying weakness may be identified in areas of speed of processing, short-term memory, sequencing, auditory and / or visual perception, spoken language and motor skills. It is particularly related to mastering and using written language, which may include alphabetic, numeric and musical notation ( Reid, 2002). It is agreed widely that reading skill is key for all people to complete the learning process successfully and appears to be agreement that the learning process needs to be a large number of simple skills, which requires the functions are ordered from different regions of the brain (both left and right from the Brocaà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s area and Hamichaer ), moreover, the sequence of actions that may make it one of the most complex operations. It is clear that all teachers, practitioners and parents should have information about children with dyslexia and the most important problems they face, especially in reading to understand the definition of the educational process (British Dyslexia Association, 2003). On the other, the World Federation of Neurologists (1968) defined it as; Dyslexia is a disorder manifested by difficulty in learning to read despite conventional instruction and socio-cultural opportunity. It is dependent upon fundamental cognitive disabilities which are frequently of constitutional origin. (Mortimore, 2003, by Reid, 1994, p.2). If we pay enough attention to this definition it is clear that the greatest changes considerate on the late sixties that stress and characterized problems to complete reading process to be successful, and the new millennium, that is a interested far more than three different stages of description, the first, behavioural, which is the most important element for teachers and practitioners to work daily with children with dyslexia, particularly in the school, and second, cognitive which is more relate to teacher learning difficulties who is responsible for assessment of any kind of learning difficulties and then Preparation an individual education plan, third, the level of biological, which refers to dyslexia for kind of nervous-developmental in developmental deficit of biological origin(Frith, 2003). However, if we compare the definition of the British Dyslexia Association in the definition of (2001) of dyslexia with the equivalent, which presented by the World Federation of Neurology (1968), we will note other potential conflicts, according to the conceptual dimension to the definition of dyslexia. On the other hand , it is perfectly balanced in those who wish to present the strengths and weaknesses of children with dyslexia: dyslexia is a combination of difficulties, and capacity that may affect the learning process in one or more of the writing, reading and spelling. It might be possible, identify weaknesses in visual perception, processing speed of the short-term memory, sequencing, as well as audio, spoken language and motor skills. and that are relevant to mastering and using written language, which may contain the alphabet and identify the digital as well as musical. 2. Causes of Dyslexia According to ( Rice, 2004 ) there is still no consensus on the underlying causes of dyslexia. It is frequently point out that not all the difficulty in reading or writing means dyslexia. However, there are many scientists who believe that inheritance and hearing problems at an early age may cause dyslexia. This will be discussed in more details. 2.1 Inheritance May not be possible that dyslexia is not a strong characteristic that will be inherited, even if one or both parents have it. On the other hand, this may be possible. it clear that forty per cent of the people and explained that dyslexia has a history of learning difficulties in their family. According to Brain scanning of children with dyslexia by specialists in the field of medicine that bunches of cells beneath the surface in the front left side of the brain are responsible for reading problems (ibid.). This group of cells moving on the surface of brain cells while growing in the fetus, which does not occur with children with dyslexia. In addition, they have to be smaller mango cellular system, which is liable for recognition, for example, symbols and characters, which leads to difficult to read. They usually tend to use the right part for these skills, which are not designed for this job and that six times slower. It is clear that scientists consider these genetic variations and statistics that the inheritance is one of causes of dyslexia. 2.2 Hearing Problems at an Early Age It is frequently point out that the first five years of a childs life are important for the ability to read and write in accordance with natural languages. In the event that the child is suffering from colds or other continuously during the first years of his life, without medical intervention prior to the visit of the health center, may be exposed to ban prayer from time to time and thus may lead to hearing loss. This means that there is a break in the learning process of the child because of those problems in the hearing. If the child does not have the ability to hear words correctly, and thus lead to delays in the phonemic awareness of the child that leads to learning difficulties, such as dyslexia (Bradford, 2009). 3. Intervention for Dyslexia 3.1 Definition of intervention According to Wall (2003) definition of intervention as An intervention is an interaction between two people to bring about change and, therefore, early years practitioners undertake interventions each time they are working with children. Interventions may be short, medium or long term and will be planned carefully to ensure effectiveness and appropriateness. and He suggested idea which is what and how should practitioners draw up a plan or design different and useful intervention programs for each child as a case individually, by clarifying how it could encourage teachers or staff of these children collaborative work by each category of activity classroom, which can be caused by structured plan which made through specialists. It can be seen that intervention has become a significant key in resolving of psychological educational issues which is more effective to clarify access for these issues or problems and also it is useful in reaching positive results, especially for children with learning difficulties who are at risk for any particular type of learning difficulties. It is important to note that it should be look at if one parent has dyslexia, which is likely to move to one of their children as a result it is important there is focus on the family history, which may to be assisted to alert teachers and parents therefore, it may get appropriate intervention program for these children (Augur,1993 ). If we pay enough attention to Augur indicate that developmental dyslexia is justified for certain reasons, first reason, it may be very difficult to clarify kind of developmental dyslexia that a child is born thought according to the results of brain injury as a result of stroke or an accident, etc..Moreover, the second reason which is that many specialists agree that most of these children, who are smart in most courses with the exception of some basic academic skills that need to develop and therefore it is likely that the teachers are providing success and development of the natural growth of children with dyslexia, if they were with the fact that dyslexia may not be curable but it needs to useful intervention programs. 3.2 Stages of intervention in England According to DfES (2003) that stages of intervention used in schools in Britain, with almost identical stages in America, called ( waves ). Wave 1, which is refer to initial education for literacy in schools in that there must be effective integration of all children, high quality and a daily reading and writing hour with appropriate differentiation required. Whereas, if the children do not respond correctly to primary classroom of literacy guidance therefore, intervention will be necessary. In addition, Wave 2 shows a set of specific interventions which are additional a specific time, which refer to some children who are in need of support services to accelerate development and they can work at or above age-related t the highest of expectations . Wave 3 which is describe the governance for a small number of children and intervention is necessary to provide specifically for the processor speed of evolution or allow children to achieve their potential. It is clearly that , this could include the 01:01 or specific interventions, so when it comes to older children, which is usually refer to the approach set out specifically for children that have been identified as requiring special education support by working in the school environment. The best example, as noted by the researcher that Wave 3 intervention which is reading recovery. 3.3 A major world-wide program : Reading Recovery Reading Recovery has been designed by Marie Clay, who is a researcher in New Zealand (Reading Recovery Council , 2006). Mary did studies which allowed her to develop appropriate methods for the detection and intervention for reading difficulties for children. In addition, this program is studies based intervention that is applied in more than 10000 schools in New Zealand, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia. it was a developed to offer intervention for children who have reading difficulties ( Au, Mason1990). According to Au, Mason (1990) The main of reading recovery is to offer intensive one-on-one support children who have reading difficulties in first grade and thus provide appropriate intervention to help them succeed before they improve their reading difficulties (Savage, John 1994). Moreover, it is aimed at less than twenty percent of school classes in first grade classroom . It is clear that it is not easy to make a decision about who children should be given to this program. children are taking a test and depending on the lowest scores for this test and then to hold this program for children got the lowest scores by trained teachers in the application of this program for children who have difficulties reading to reduce these difficulties and to read well (Kline, Anne 1997). It is frequently point out reading recovery is developed to be compatible with the mainstream school system. Each school needs to confirm that teachers should have the ability to download the program continuously during the year. It is clear that it has the ability to work in a variety of levels for instance it works in effective way with school, teachers, children, and in education system to provide assistance in reducing reading difficulties in children (Reading Recovery National Network,2006 ). Savage, John (1994) pointed out that Reading Recovery which is a program works differently for each child who is in need of this program. Selection of children for this program based on the report which is submitted by the teacher, and a survey about what child has knowledge of letters and concepts about print process, text reading . In addition, the program starts with what child is to have the ability to do, then it focus on what they are trying to learn and work what child need to learn about reading (Reading Recovery National Network,2006 ). According to Chapman, Turner ( 2003) the program is designed to work one-on-one instruction for thirty minutes a day for a period of twelve to twenty weeks through trained teachers. Moreover, it is designed to regular classroom reading guide. In addition, It is set out to assist based on childs strengths. The main concentration on one-on-one lessons is concentrate on comprehending the various messages in reading and students have the ability to build messages in writing skill (Reading Recovery National Network). According to Savage, John ( 1994 ) reading recovery include that : Firstly : Reading Familiar Books : students tend to read books that they enjoy. and teachers will observe how child read this book then they will assist the child while children are reading this book. Secondly : Assessment of reading strategies: the students will have a book that have never read it, in the previous lesson, the child will read that book for the teacher, then the teacher will use recorder while the child is read. Thirdly : Working on Letter recognition: The student will be trained to look at the different letters, and begins to be familiar with them. Fourthly : Introducing new books :The teacher will choose a number of different books that are suitable for students reading level. Finally : Reading new books: The teacher will show a new book for the student, and then the student will be supposed to read it in the next lesson. In addition, the teacher and student will discuss the book and provide assistance to prepare for the understanding of the story in that book before read it. It is clear that Reading program was designed to meet the special the individual needs of reader who has difficulties in reading, which seems different from child to child. Working Individually with students, preparing lessons depend on the individual needs of the child, will help to develop childrens reading (hapman, Iversen, Tunmer 2005). It is clear that the reading recovery has extensive one-on-one instruction. Not surprising to anyone that Intensification of the program and work individually with students which is influential to stage of intervention for those students who have reading difficulties. Recent research indicates that the method of one-on-one is more effective in teaching in regular classes that lead to achieving the individual needs for each student (Chapman, Tunmer 2003). Reading Recovery Council (2006 ) pointed out that many of the children are in different levels reading skill , establishment of lesson for all student is not always effective to that a student who does not understand what may be understood by other child and therefore teachers can create a lesson that will contain five elements: working with letters, reading books which are familiar to student, observe and record what is read by the student and reading new curriculum (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). it is possible to assist students achieve effective reading performance by the individual needs of them early. In addition, working individually with students to guide them educating reading strategies as well as to provide some time for the application so that they will be capable to achieve in grade stage (Educational Commissions System of the States 2000). It seems clear that the strategy of one-on-one which allows teachers to provide students all comments, compliments and questions that the teacher knows a student who has the ability to answer those questions. In addition to, the reading recovery teachers have the ability to help the student and give feedback for the work he is doing (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). On the other hand , Reading recovery will take 30 minutes for each student .It must take into account that there are some things that may be affect the students when they are in the classroom, for example: days of illness, field trips and workshops (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). Barnes, Bonnie (1996) indicate that time consuming is one of the problems related to educating Reading Recovery through the amount of paperwork which are side by side with the teaching of reading recovery to individual students. For example, a written analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the child, the report of the expectations of progress through the identification of long-term and short-term goals to child daily lesson programme. Another drawback of reading recovery is teachers. Many teachers do not usually have support from their colleagues in the school as well as they have difficulty in access to feedback on their lessons . Moreover, there are many teachers in the classroom do not have a sense of the impact of reading recovery program on the children because it is presented only one or two students in their classrooms (Noble, Jo Anne 1995). In addition, There are many teachers who are working only has the half-time reading recovery teacher. Therefore, they have the ability to service only about eight children each academic year. In addition, many schools have approximately a hundred and fifty first grade students f, this is evidence that only about sex or seven percent of children have the ability to receive reading recovery programme (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). As has been mentioned before the goal of reading recovery is to guide children in learning techniques and assist to practice time , children have the ability to deliver on grade level (Frankas, George 2000).However, reading recovery is working , regardless of economic status, gender and social status of the group of children that led to the acceleration of the effective progress this programme (Educational Leadership 1990). Centre, Wheldall (1992) pointed out that to make reading recovery programme more effective must change three elements: Behavioural change in teachers. The child behaviour change acquired through teachers. There is a need for the school to change the regulatory requirements for administrators and teachers. It is clear that the results of reading recovery program is that it offers effective intervention for students in grade school and then treatment, instead of falling into the failure in reading difficulties for these children. In addition, it is providing strong support for teachers and enable them to become more effective in reading recovery programme . Moreover, the most important outcome of the program is to be has number of children in grades 2-6 to have a few problems in reading difficulties once and then the program is implemented effectively and correctly (Noble, Jo Anne 1995). 3.4 Issues associated with intervention It is frequently point out that there is controversy about how to build effectively intervention program . Researcher will present the most important factors agreed for potential success in the planning and production of the correct intervention program. First, it taking into account the assessment procedures and examination in psychology that can explain exactly what are the skills which need to develop in children. According to Fawcett and Lynch (2000)to examine dyslexia test (designed by Nicolson and Fawcett, 1996) will be the most successful for all the teachers to their schools. In addition, this test has become highly efficient because it is interested in semantic and verbal fluency as well as knowledge of numbers. Another reason which is how quickly the application of this test. For example, it is take one minute to the task of writing and one minute in the skill of reading, moreover, spelling and other skills that could take two minutes. According to Pumfrey and Reason (2001) enhance the quantity and quality of cognitive development of children is significant factor to reach the appropriate intervention for them, it is important to take into account to confirmation that intervention at the earliest time that in order to that this procedure may not lead to a delay which is undesirable for children who have reading difficulties. In the same context, we may emphasize that the assessment procedures and examination need to be more focus by that stage, even before the application to avoid any future problems (Talcott,, 1997). However, the researcher as a teacher for special education as well as lecturer at the Department of Special Education recognizes that there are no tests in a uniform and there is a clear lack of evaluation of courses in schools in Saudi Arabia. It is clear that this is an opportunity for the researcher to obtain the correct method of assessing and screening for children who have difficulties reading in schools and the transfer of these measures and the right strategies for the development of the educational process in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Talcott, (1997) indicate that there is an Other factor which is related to people who may play an active role of detection of children who have dyslexia. Therefore, there are some people around the children who have learning difficulties and they who provide full care to alleviate the difficulties that may be in these children as well as they are trying to find the appropriate methods in educational process such as, parents, professionals as well as specialists in health care 4. Teaching Methods of Reading Skills for Children with Dyslexia As has been mentioned before is that in fact the intervention to address reading difficulties in children with dyslexia is a successful strategy to provide support appropriate for them. But it is frequently point out that , it is to look for on the strengths and weaknesses of the learner and learning styles appropriate through the school by the teacher, which is suited to the needs of each individual. Because it is known to us that each and every child with dyslexia is different according to the file and function of cognitive and learning styles appropriate to him (Reid ,1997 ). 4.1 Whole Language Instruction According to the study carried out by Frank, 1978, it was having an impact in supporting the Whole Language Instruction, teaching reading is a natural counterpart to learn to speak the sense of learning to read instinctive. In addition, Whole Language Instruction may focuses on education to be of total to the part and not vice versa (e.g. learning the skills not included in the Whole language instruction), and learning to write must occur through fun activities functional meaning, and the focus on education priority, instead of keeping the roots. Moreover, it consenter on the learner who is the center of education rather than the curriculum and education should be based on individual interaction. It is clear that it may supports education in a social environment. Moreover, the teacher is the one who set the curriculum to be concepts are interrelated rather than dividing them up into multiple skills or subsets of content and evaluation focuses on the strengths of the learner. It seems that Whole Language Instruction is a tool to deal with the class and adjust and it may provides disadvantaged students to be able to overcome reading problems ( Pressely, 1994). However, according to Mather (1992 ) Whole Language Instruction team believe that retail could disrupt learning process, so they are opposed to direct teaching of encoding, because it split the language into separate clips and skills, which may lead to the language is not used, as well as a waste of time. The Whole Language Instruction may provide meaning to the texts and it is focusing on both reading and writing, as learn the rules of language may be done without the need to teach voice. It is clear that Educators and researchers stress fact that learning may be the best when there is enjoyable environment for learning and learner will be active participant in learning process as well as the teacher must take into account individual differences between children. These principles focus upon the way of Whole Language Instruction in learning to read, the child will read full text and then he begins to recognize words and letters with helping by teacher and the child will feel motivation when he is reading and that is the most important needs, which increases the capacity of the child with dyslexia to learn to read correctly (Fuhler,1993 ) Learner (2000 ) pointed out that there are basics of teaching reading difficulties by using method of Whole Language Instruction as following : Firstly : Reading is one of the elements of internal language which is very close to oral language and written language, so teachers who use this method confirm the language written and oral reading lead to the child will be improved , when he learn to read and there is a relationship between linguistic vulnerability in children and reading difficulties, children who have language problems or mobility are likely to develop problems in writing in the early stages. Secondly : The method of verbal language may be acquired by the natural use, according to the teachers who use Whole Language Instruction that children may learn to speak without the need for special training and this means that children will learn to read naturally through exposure to learn to read by focusing on language and books which related to fluency of language. Finally : Teachers who use the method of Whole Language Instruction avoid use of separate teaching which does not focus on the link between parts of the meaning of language, as well as the way of teaching that focuses on use of separate exercises, and they believe that books that divide natural language into small pieces and mysterious that could make teaching is difficult. In addition, Whole Language Instruction users think that learning of characters is normally by way of education , it is clear that learning of letters should not be separate, but it is normally acquired through reading. 4.2 Code- emphasis Instruction It is clear that we should understand the strategies of coding in Whole Language I Samsung: Economic Indicators Samsung: Economic Indicators Samsung: Economic Indicators Abstract This paper will explain the economic indicators of the global giant Samsung Corporation. The paper will explain the relevance to the company; provide a strategy of the way in which the company may respond to the indicators, establish goals to maximize revenues for the future and explain what economic indicators are. Economic indicators are sequence of statistics gathered together to exhibit economic tendency and support in predicting future trends (McConnell, Brue Flynn, 2012). The types of indicators that will be relayed in this paper include; Unemployment, Monthly retail sales, Durable goods, Gross Domestic Product, Consumer price index and US International transactions. Economic indicators Economic indicators are simply economic statistics that indicate how the country is doing and the potential forecast for the future. Statistics used include data from the unemployment rate, the inflation rate and the Gross Domestic Product (Moffatt, 2014). There are three attributes to economic indicators. Procyclic is the indicator that moves in the same direction of the economy. If the economy is good the indicator increase, but if the opposite is true than the indicators are decreasing. An example of a procyclic is the Gross Domestic Product. The countercyclical indicator goes in the opposite of the way the economy is going. An example is the unemployment rate. Last is the acyclic indicator which has no real relation to the economy of how it develops. An example would be how many touchdowns are scored in an NFL game before halftime in a given year. Also included in the attributes of economic indicators is frequency of data (an example is Dow Jones Index) which releases data every three months while unemployment is released monthly. The last attribute is the relation to the business cycle. Three Timing Types The three types of timing economic indicators are lagged, coincident and leading. Leading indicators change before changes occur within the economy. An example is the stock market. Trends of the stock market usually indicate the status of the economy (or the prediction of). Investors rely on leading economic indicators. Lagged indicators exhibit no change until after a few quarters have passed after the economy has changed. An example is unemployment rates. Coincident indicators move as the economy does. An example is the Gross Domestic Product (Moffatt, 2014). Unemployment The unemployment rate is the number of the labor force divided by the number of unemployed. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, unemployment rate includes not having a job, actively looking for work for the past four weeks. Even if you were a temporary worker and were laid off you will still be counted. If an individual is no longer seeking employment they are not counted (Amadeo, 2014). There was a decrease in the unemployment rate to 6.10 percent in the United States in the month of August 2014. In the United State the unemployment rate has reached a record high of 10.83 in November of 1982 and a record low of 2.50 in May of 1953. Between the years of 1948 to 2014 the medium rate of unemployment was 5.83. The unemployment relates as it is a lagging indicator and therefore it measures economic events after a recession has occurred. The Federal Reserve uses this data when it sets monetary policy (Amadeo, 2014). As of January 2014 Samsung Corporation has 11,909 employees (6,101 overseas). Currently Samsung has nearly 800 jobs posted in the United States and more overseas. This data is an indicator that the availability of these positions could potentially reduce the unemployment rate in the future. Samsung is rapidly increasing its innovations and continuing to provide consumer with what they are in need of. Samsung has staying power and therefore is a good investment in the future of the economy. Monthly retail sales Samsung uses monthly retail sales as an economic indicator that closely follows the significance of commodities as it relates to its timing. Monthly retail sales are known as a coincident economic indicator because it relates to the activity of the economy. Investors find this indicator valuable because it shows how the economy is moving. By using the monthly retail sales reports investors, shareholders and stakeholders can help forecast and make better decisions as to how the company is doing in relation to the economy. Samsung sales as of second quarter 2014 dropped from $7.58 billion (last year) to $6.1 billion. This data is a result of a decrease in Smartphone and tablet sales. Critics and Samsung executives view the next quarter as a â€Å"challenge† as Chinese manufacturers of the Huawei have increased their sales thereby causing a shift in the market share contributing to the decrease in sales (McCormick, 2014). After each report is published on sales this information i s used to help Samsung to shift its focus on what areas of the company need attention. The economic indicators are a response from the consumers as to what is in demand or what is failing. The monthly retails sales provide Samsung with great insightful information into the progression of it goods and products. Durable goods Goods that are not immediately consumed and gradually wear out during the period of use are called durable goods. Durable goods are goods that can be used for three or more years (McConnell, Brue, Flynn, 2012). In comparison non durable goods consists of clothing, food and items that are used in the three year time period. Investors and Samsung executives can use the statistics from durable goods to potentially forecast ad/or calculate future profits. Samsung is an innovator and is growing from each technological advance. The market it hold for appliance and television is ever growing. Samsung is one of the industry’s giant when it comes to televisions. Consumers are becoming more and more fascinated with size and type of televisions. As Samsung grows in its pursuit of becoming the number one in its industry, this will help keep the company on the competitive edge. Gross Domestic Product Gross domestic product is the rate of all finished goods and services produced within a country during a certain time period. The measurement for GDP is nominal and real and used as a business cycle. As the growth in GDP rises in output a decrease in output creates the business cycle. Real GDP considers price increases while providing accurate results of production increases. Forecast earning, sales and stock prices are real GDP and based on quarterly reviews of the most recent information provided. Samsung is 25% of South Korea’s GDP. As the situation of leadership is changing as a result of Lee Kunhee has been in the hospital with bad health conditions, his son Lee Jae Yong is reported to take over his role (Pesek, 2014). Succession of a new leader will definitely have economic indicators that will influence the future of Samsung. Consumer price index Consumer price index measures the amount of change in the fixed costs of precise services and products (McConnell, Brue, Flynn, 2012). Things such as electrical, sewer and water services and products that consumers receive are included in these fixed costs. The relationship between the consumer price index and inflation are close because they help predict or forecast information for the company and their investors. Inflation rates help determines the consumer price index. The rate of inflation also determines how services and products increase. Although inflation raises the income of its consumer’s does not. This is an important factor in how Samsung regards its pricing. As inflation increases so must the prices of Samsung products and services. Keeping or managing inflation rates, Samsung can continue to compete with fair prices and continue to provide the best consumer value. US International transactions A report that is produced by the Bureau of Economic Analysis providing international data on goods and cash flow is called U.S. International Transactions. This is a published quarterly report that displays an array of information. Data such as financial and capital account (through cash flows) as well as exports for the time period are included in the report. Samsung is the leading global company. Half of its employees are spread throughout the world. Samsung’s goal is to continue to build risk management systems and global operating systems internationally. Already established as a global giant, Samsung reaches out to world class partners to create new opportunities. Together Samsung wants to continue to grow and provide the best products and services to its valued customers. Conclusion Economic indicators are important to the economy of any country. The data retrieved from indicators help determine the direction a company or country is leading to. Samsung is a global giant that is mastering the use of economic indicators in its pursuit of its vision of 2020 to become number one in its industry. Over the past 75 years Samsung has attributed its success to its people and its products. Samsung will continue to manifest into a leader as the priorities of the corporation remain the same; understanding what the consumer wants and placing their employees in a place of important value. References Amadeo, K. (2014). Unemployment Rate. Retrieved from About News: http://useconomy.about.com/od/economicindicators/p/unemploy_rate.htm McConnell, C., Brue, S., Flynn, S. (2012). Economics, 19th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. McCormick, R. (2014, July 30). Samsung sales and profits down despite Galaxy 5S launchf . Retrieved from The Verge: http://www.theverge.com/2014/7/30/5953603/samsung-sales-and-profits-down-q2-2014 Moffatt, M. (2014). A Beginners Guide to economic indicators. What are economic indicators? Retrieved from About education: http://economics.about.com/cs/businesscycles/a/economic_ind.htm Pesek, W. (2014, June 24). Samsungs role in South Korea GDP is risky. Retrieved from Malaymail online: http://www.themalaymailonline.com/opinion/bloomberg/article/samsungs-outsized-role-in-korean-gdp-is-risky-william-pesek

Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own Proves Students Need Schools of Their Own :: Room of Ones Own Essays

Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own Proves Students Need Schools of Their Own According to the Children’s Defense Fund, in 1989 an average of 1,375 children dropped out of school every day. As a future educator, my reaction to this figure is one of horror and disbelief. Once I get past the shock of such a figure and the obligatory rhetorical questions: How could we let this happen?, I become an investigator. I begin to look for patterns in the profiles of students who have failed. I consider the curriculum these students ingest and how it is fed to them. I try to understand what circumstances result in the forsaking of 1,375 students per day. As a nation, we have established institutions of learning that cater to the needs of some. Our schools allow a select handful of students to succeed. Certain segments of our population appear to be at greater risk than others. The future does not bode well for young black and Latino men and women who do not make it through high school. According to Duane Campbell, author of Choosing Democracy, the unemployment rate for Latino men and women is substantially higher than the national average and an African American child is as likely to go to prison as to college (15). According to the Economic Policy Institute, in 1991 43% of African American children and 35% of Latino children were living in poverty. It is not surprising that a vast number of the 501,875 annual school drop-outs come from impoverished black and Latino families. Of course it is not only blacks and Latinos who are lost in the educational shuffle. There are hordes of students who simply do not fit into the traditional public school paradigm. Whether this poor fit is the result of an unorthodox learning style, an emotional disability or a need for a higher level of teacher involvement, these students are often failed. Such students may stay in school, but they receive a sub-standard education. Virginia Woolf, in her essay "A Room of One’s Own" makes a strong case for schools which cater to the needs of students who are failed by our existing system. I did not see the connection between "A Room of One’s Own" and education upon my first reading of the essay, as a matter of fact the idea came to me as I read Woolf’s essay "The Common Reader.

Evaluating Change at Alegent Health

Alegent Health (AH) conducted six large group interventions or â€Å"decision accelerators† (DA) to generate innovative strategies for the six clinical service areas. Researchers at USC’s Center for effective organizations contracted with AH to assess the impact of the interventions and help the organization learn how to leverage further change. The implementation feedback involved executive interviews and surveys from people who participated in the â€Å"review DAs†, thus reflecting on implementation progress and plan future changes and support a positive assessment of overall progress. People generally agreed that the implementation of the clinical strategies was going well. They were positive about social capital that had been created by the DAs, especially between managers and physicians, as well as evidence of culture change. Overall the majority of persons believed that the DAs were a great energizer for the organization, generated comprehensive strategies and catalyzed important changes. However the strengths of the DAs were mostly felt by top management while the perception of the DAs was weak in the middle of the organization. The absence of formal change management processes made important resource allocation decisions, trade-offs on technology, and coordination of quality processes across the systems more difficult. When the DA had more community participants, there were broader participation in the discussions, the debates were more intense, and the DA stayed on track. The results from the survey data revealed that the higher percentage of physicians the result was less comprehensive on the other hand when the DA had a high concentration of community participants, the vision was more comprehensive. Overall the DA affected a variety of changes in organization either directly or indirectly. The organization’s initial use of the DA process as a strategic visioning intervention persists in the minds of most organization members. DAs cannot do everything and complementary governance and implementation processes are necessary. Discus the strengths and weaknesses of the assessment. Once the intervention is done it should be evaluated to determine if it is producing the intended results. Feedback gives the desired result if the implementation of the interventions were correct. The strengths of the evaluation were collected through interviews and surveys whose results were positive. Almost everyone â€Å"buy into† the clinical strategies, the DAs were a great energizer hence a high level of commitment. Clarity was gained at the top management level and many physicians. The involvement of community participants resulted in a more comprehensive vision. While the weaknesses involve the organization’s ability to leverage the change, the data revealed a more complex set of issues, weak perception in the middle of the organization, the absence of formal change management and the outcomes of meeting with top management and physicians revealed a less comprehensive vision. Participants thought that the strategy should be more aggressive business oriented How could it have been improved? Their needed to be more internal support to leverage the change, hence people would not feel so overwhelmed by the changes. The changes needed to be programmable to facilitate a formal implementation of the intervention process. Their needed to be more sensing and calibration as it was evident that the community participants produce a more comprehensive vision. There also need to be more internal support to assist the middle of the organization. Reward allocation could be used to gain more support from the middle organization. How much confidence do you have in the lessons learned for this organization? I have a high level of confidence in the lessons from this case because the intervention characteristics were evident and the researchers made use of the institutionalization processes.

The Smart Family Case Study Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Smart Family Case Study Social Work Essay Essay Example The Smart Family Case Study Social Work Essay Essay The Smart Family Case Study Social Work Essay Essay We know far more about how to forestall the primary happening of ill-treatment than how to react efficaciously one time ill-treatment has occurred ( Munro, 2010, p. 22 ) Preventing injury is good, hence, to societal work with the Smart household, kids Zac, Karly and Tierney ; their Mum, Sam ; Paul, male parent of the misss ; and Mike, male parent of Zac. Focus on injury bar, nevertheless, can make defensive pattern, sing merely safeguarding public assistance and non its publicity ( Tunstill et al. , 2010 ) . Critical geographic expedition of both safeguarding and advancing of these childrens public assistance, hence, forms the footing of this essay, sing the application of child in demand and significant injury to the complexness of lives depicted. Critical rating of accomplishments and methods required in measuring rights and demands of these kids, will so be explored, followed by stairss which could be taken to safeguard and advance their public assistance. Relevant research informing my thought provides an grounds base for confirming statements made. Decisions drawn, nevertheless, are done so in acknowledgment that existent pattern would profit from battle with this household in measuring, planning and intervening. The Children Act ( 1989 ) [ CA ] places a responsibility on the local authorization to advance the public assistance of kids, supply services to those in demand and safeguard childrens public assistance by look intoing, and taking action, in state of affairss refering important injury, which I consider to be relevant as a societal worker in a instance affecting concerns sing the public assistance of three kids. Furthermore, as a figure of professionals are involved in working with the Smart household, the importance of multi-agency co-operation in safeguarding and advancing their public assistance, emphasised in Working Together ( DCSF, 2010 ) beneficial to engagement with this household, as is the policies item sing the execution of Children Act rules. Significant factors impacting the work undertaken with this household, nevertheless, are besides determined, in my position, by local authorization policy and bureaucratic procedure, construing how statute law and national policies are implemented with single households. Differential rates of tribunal order applications, for illustration have been found in demographically similar local governments ( Dickens et al. , 2007 ) , proposing work with this household to be impacted non merely through jurisprudence and policy creative activity but besides their execution at a local degree ( Marinetto, 2011 ) . Analyzing constructs of kid in demand and important injury relation to this instance, nevertheless, besides require consideration of critically using a researched grounds base to information gathered about the household. Nutritional lacks, for illustration, ensuing from sporadic repast proviso, a concern Sam s wellness visitant raised, can be damaging to all countries of kid wellness and development ( Kursmark and Weitzman, 2009 ) , proposing the Smart kids may non accomplish a sensible criterion of wellness and development ( s.17, CA ) . The relentless failure to supply equal nutrient constitutes neglect ( DCSF, 2010 ) proposing the presence of important injury, associating to wellness and developmental damages ( s.31, CA ) . Significant injury, nevertheless, must be attributable to the attention given by parents non being what it is sensible for them to give ( ibid. ) . Sing nutrient proviso therefore, I would reason, contexts of poorness require consideration, impacting 27 % of ki ds presently populating in the UK ( Adams et al. , 2012 ) . Sam and Paul s fiscal state of affairs, hence, might order how possible it is for them provide regular repasts, doing the kids to necessitate services which promote their public assistance ( s.17, CA ) . Without this context, nevertheless, the kids may be enduring important injury, through their parents unreasonably denying them regular repasts ( s.31, CA ) . Food insecurity has besides been associated with projecting behaviors ( Belsky, et al. , 2010 ) , highlighted in Zac s aggression at school. Furthermore, regular repasts have been linked with educational accomplishment ( Roustit et al. , 2010 ) , proposing Zac s current cognitive troubles, reading 4 old ages below his existent age, may be attributable to a deficiency of nutrient. Whilst Zac s educational development suggests his being a kid in demand, relevancy of important injury is less clear, in that without measuring causes of cognitive hold, the part of nutrient proviso to such troubles can non be ascertained and, as such, the extent to which parental attention is deficient. Zac s current hold may besides be associated with hapless attending at primary school, which is linked with hapless attainment ( Sheppard, 2009 ) and behavioral troubles ( Carroll, 2011 ) . Furtermore, Karly s attending at primary school is besides hapless, which if non addressed may take to similar developm ental damages, associating to constructs of kid in demand. Inconsistent nutrient proviso may besides be impacting Tierney s development, who at 18 months is non walking and appears to hold delayed address, developmental concerns consistent with constructs of kid in demand. Whilst specialist appraisals may bespeak medical parts, nutritionary lack impacts physiological and cognitive development, required in linguistic communication development ( Rosales et al. , 2009 ) and larning to walk ( Hanson et al. , 2011 ) . Parental disregard has besides been linked to linguistic communication hold ( Vernon-Feagans et al. , 2012 ) and deficiency of modus operandi and hapless life conditions, both identified as debatable for the Smart household, are prevailing in instances of disregard ( Long et al. , 2012 ) . As such, Tierney s place environment may be lending to her linguistic communication hold. At 18 months, nevertheless, address development is varied and what appears to be delay, may non be declarative of debatable linguistic communication developm ent ( Graham, 2011 ) , proposing, in my position, that the extent of current concerns, in isolation are deficient to represent significant injury. Lack of modus operandi and boundaries, might besides be related to Zac being found by the constabulary, unsupervised in the metropolis Centre, at 10pm, proposing inattentive parenting, through a deficiency of equal supervising ( DCSF, 2010 ) , or parental control ( s. 31, CA ) . Sleep want has been linked to hapless attending and impulsivity ( Beebe, 2011 ) , noted as concerns for Zac, as such current modus operandis, or deficiency thereof, restricting the security of sufficient slumber, may be impacting his ability to keep a sensible criterion of development ( s.17, CA ) . Establishing the presence of everyday, or grade of supervising, is non possible on the footing of a remarkable event and as such the relevancy of significance injury in relation to these factors is hard to determine with extra information, doing it a cardinal consideration within appraisal. Lack of household modus operandi and predictability could besides be lending to Zac s behavior at school ( Deater- Deckard et al. , 2009 ) , and farther exacerbated if concerns sing domestic force between Paul and Sam are found to be accurate ( Moylan et al. , 2010 ) . Populating in contexts of force additions hazard to kids of physical and emotional maltreatment ( Montgomery, 2009 ) and can impact unafraid fond regard development ( Levendosky et al. , 2011 ) , which I consider notable as Tierney is at a cardinal age for this, necessitating sensitive and antiphonal attention givers ( Beijersbergen, et al. , 2012 ) and Zac s early fond regard relationships are likely to hold been disrupted by frequent Foster attention arrangements ( Leve et al. , 2012 ) . In visible radiation of this, should domestic force be apparent, important injury may be relevant and irrespective of its presence, current struggles and instability in the household place, are likely to be impacting the childrens e motional development, proposing their being kids in demand ( Cummings and Schatz, 2012 ) . Significant injury frequently consequences from the long-standing impact of an accretion of factors, instead than necessitating a remarkable traumatic event ( DCSF, 2010 ) . Assessment, hence, requires skilled critical contemplation upon the inter-relatedness and cumulative consequence of factors, both damaging and protective ( Rose and Barnes, 2008 ) . In isolation, for illustration, there may be no grounds that Sam is presently misapplying any substances. Associations exist, nevertheless, between substance abuse and domestic force ( Gilbert et al. , 2012 ) and with helter-skelter life styles ( Straussner, 2011 ) , both possible concerns for Sam. Sing their cumulative consequence, hence, the likeliness of substance usage still being debatable could increase, later rising, in visible radiation of its impact on kid public assistance, hazard of important injury ( Traube, 2012 ) . Ecological attacks, hence, which consider the relationships between assorted parts of a system, can make a context for pull offing the complex interconnection of relationships, assisting to avoid minimization happening when jobs are viewed in isolation ( MacKenzie et al. , 2011 ) . The complex interplay of factors impacting the Smart kids, I would propose, requires a thorough cognition of the household s instance file, including events which antecedently escalated hazard of injury or promoted the childrens public assistance, supplying penetration into current fortunes. Chronologies and genograms can supply ocular AIDSs in analyzing such events and relationships and their impact upon one-another. Genograms can besides beneficially be constructed in coaction with households, foregrounding unknown relationships and researching conflictual 1s. Good readying can besides back up the ability to organize swearing relationships rapidly, in pass oning attention for, and competency working with, households, which I would propose, is cardinal in making relationally-interactive appraisals, founded on rules of empathy, regard and transparence ( Healy and Darlington, 2009 ) . Making contexts where collaborative geographic expedition of appraisal can happen, in my position should besides be valued, roll uping everyone s positions, kids, parents and professionals, on jobs and strengths within the household and affecting them in determining the intent and way of appraisal ( Gallagher et al. , 2011 ) . Collaboration, nevertheless, is a bipartisan procedure and should besides affect being clear about concerns and on a regular basis discoursing how the childrens public assistance is presently being safeguarded and promoted ( OLeary et al. , 2012 ) . Families may be intelligibly loath to prosecute in such relationships, nevertheless, comprehending appraisal to affect experts specifying parenting competence and judging them as adequate or non ( Buckley et al. , 2010 ) . Researching the presence of domestic force with Sam, for illustration, may differ if she views my function as join forcesing with her to implement programs which make things better for her household, than if she views my function as measuring hazard to the kids and her insufficiency in protecting them from injury. Effective communicating, a warm, empathic attack and continuity may hence be required, in disputing this perceptual experience and undertaking appraisal in a manner which seeks echt coaction, instead than tokenism ( Platt, 2012 ) . Pauls incompatibility within the household place and the absence of information sing Mike s current engagement in Zac s life, may take me to give less significance to their battle in the appraisal procedure, puting outlooks to supply good plenty parenting, entirely upon Sam ( Brown et al. , 2009 ) . Irrespective of Paul and Mike s legal parental duty, nevertheless, determined by their names being on birth certifications ( s.2, CA ) , they play an of import function in the lives of their kids, impacting public assistance and development through presence and absence ( Coakley, 2013 ) . As such I consider it of import to measure the function that these male parents presently play in household life, the engagement they would wish to hold and hazards and strengths associated with such engagement ( Maxwell et al. , 2012 ) . Observations, in my position, are besides a cardinal component of appraisal, both of relational interactions and of life environment ( Urwin and Sternberg, 2012 ) . They have the potency, nevertheless, to be intrusive, unrepresentative of existent attention and undermining of coaction with parents. Clear apprehension, hence, by all involved, of their nature and intent should be facilitated ( Welbourne, 2012 ) . Whilst multiple observations may make a more holistic image of household life, cut downing the impact of perceiver effects ( Gambrill, 2012 ) , in world, measure may be determined by clip graduated tables. This creates chance, nevertheless, in my position, for collaborative appraisal, discoursing with Paul and Sam how interactions may hold occurred otherwise, had I non been at that place, bespeaking penetration into, and valuing their expertness in, good plenty parenting. Childs have a right to hold their positions heard and taken earnestly ( UNCRC, 1989 ) and as such, I would reason, should be actively involved in the whole appraisal procedure, doing versions, in visible radiation of their developmental capablenesss, to enable battle. Clear and simple linguistic communication is required in explicating the intent of appraisal, as is deriving feedback corroborating understanding and researching their positions on the best ways to set about them ( Petrie, 2011 ) . Practical activities, in visible radiation of Zac s educational troubles, could better enable his battle, such as snaping of import things in his life, opening up treatments around strengths, concerns, wants and feelings ( Pimlott-Wilson, 2012 ) . Karly, being younger, could prosecute through drama activities, utilizing playthings and fanciful drama to show feelings about current state of affairss, without holding to speak straight about them ( Landreth, 2012 ) . Tierney, I would propose, is harder to prosecute straight in appraisal due to her communicative abilities. Behavioural communicating, nevertheless, I would propose can uncover a great trade and I would propose that skilled consciousness of this would be relevant to all three kids ( Handley and Doyle, 2012 ) . Consideration should non merely be given sing how to integrate their positions in programs made, but how, when made, such programs are communicated sensitively, clearly and candidly to all three kids, giving consideration to their developmental capablenesss ( Polkki et al. , 2012 ) . Assessment is an ongoing procedure and should non, in my position, be seen merely as a predecessor to intercession ( Brandon et al. , 2009 ) . In visible radiation of this, it is possible to get down sing stairss which can be taken to safeguard and advance the public assistance of these kids, whilst recognizing the uncertainness which accompanies the uninterrupted alterations prevalent within household life and therefore the demand for dynamic programs which can accommodate to suit these ( Welbourne, 2012 ) . Supplying it is safe to make so, kids should be supported to turn up within their ain household ( CA, 1989 ) . Steps taken, hence, to safeguard and advance the public assistance of Zac, Karly and Tierney should seek to continue this right. Consideration, nevertheless, must besides be given to their wellness and development and whether staying within the household is likely to, or ensuing in, important injury ( s.31, ibid. ) . Even where legal stairss are being considered, nevertheless, I would reason that the continuance of collaborative relationships with parents should still be sought, as greater battle is likely to be seen if programs are constructed in partnership with parents ( Gallagher et al. , 2011 ) . It may be that the public assistance of all three kids can be safeguarded and promoted by Zac temporarily populating off from the household place, leting Sam to concentrate on the attention of Karly and Tierney, as she has demonstrated capacity, in the yesteryear, to rear younger kids given sufficient support. In visible radiation of this, nevertheless, it is of import that such stairss are non taken because Zac is seen to be a job but because it would be more good for him than keeping the position quo. Greater paternal contact, may be one such benefit achieved, by researching the possibility of Zac populating with his Dad under a abode order ( s.8, CA ) . With the information presently provided, nevertheless, the suitableness of such a arrangement needs careful consideration, including Mike s capacity to parent, giving peculiar respect to his old substance abuse and its impact on his attention of Zac. If this is non possible, it may be that Zac has strong positive relationships with Paul s drawn-out household, whom he could populate with, as affinity attention has been found to hold positive impacts on individuality formation, stableness of arrangement and behavioral and mental wellness results ( OBrien, 2012 ) . Suiting Zac outside of the household place, nevertheless, does non intend his public assistance will needfully be holistically promoted. His emotional and behavioral development may be declarative of attachment troubles ( Fearon et al. , 2010 ) and a mentoring strategy, which have been found to back up positive emotional development in male childs exposing aggressive behaviors ( Younger and Warrington, 2009 ) , may be of benefit to Zac. Educational concerns have besides been highlighted for Zac and although a more stable, place environment may back up his educational development ( Turley et al. , 2010 ) , sufficient damage may hold already occurred to justify specialized support. Whilst Zac s school may be better positioned to ease this, I would propose it to be a cardinal portion of programs for advancing his public assistance. Sam s capacity to parent, even two kids, may besides be significantly impacted by domestic force ( Levendosky et al. , 2011 ) . If undermentioned appraisal, it is found to be present, the hazard of injury to kids populating in contexts of force ( Stanley, 2011 ) , could make the demand for attention order applications ( s.31, CA ) or voluntary Foster attention ( s.20, ibid. ) , in regard of Karly and Tierney. If Sam is willing to prosecute with support, nevertheless, she could be supported to populate independently, with her two kids. Significant hazard of force continues, nevertheless, when domestically violent relationships end, necessitating extra stairss to protect Sam and her kids, from continued hazard of force ( Stanley et al. , 2012 ) . Enabling safe and productive contact, between Paul and his kids, would besides necessitate consideration, including the misss wants and feelings sing this ( Featherstone and Fraser, 2012 ) . If both Paul and Sam, nevertheless, admit to the for ce, engage with support and commit to taking it from their relationship, it may be that they can stay living as one household unit, although careful consideration is required as to how such committednesss can be monitored and what domestic force support is available for the whole household ( Stanley, 2011 ) . Irrespective of the presence of force, nevertheless, Paul s inconsistent life agreements, combined with regular statements, create struggle and instability which could impact emotionally upon the misss ( Davies et al. , 2012 ) and hence stairss are required to safeguard and advance their emotional public assistance, researching options of permanence for Paul and curative household work being undertaken, happening less confrontational declarations to dissensions ( Cummings and Schatz, 2012 ) . Lack of modus operandi, in my position, is impacting multiple countries of the childrens public assistance, including school attending and meal proviso. Colorful charts puting out day-to-day modus operandis, such as repasts, school, drama, bathing and bedtimes, created in coaction with the household, could reenforce the childrens basic demands, act as a ocular reminder for keeping modus operandi, make undertakings seem more manageable and create reassurance for the misss around their demands being met ( Rees, 2011 ) . Such a tool can back up mensurable results, with place visits happening at cardinal times, to supervise advancement and supply support where it is needed. For such intercessions to be effectual, nevertheless, the continued development of collaborative, swearing and supportive relationships is required, whilst being clear about the necessity of the childrens demands being met ( Darlington et al. , 2010 ) . Tierney s public assistance, in peculiar, could be promoted through utilizing a local childrens Centre, back uping linguistic communication development, mobility, attachment relationships and supplying rearing support ( Sheppard, 2012 ) . Whilst attending can non be mandatory, Sam has engaged with support in the yesteryear and, I would propose, collaborative planning will increase the opportunities of her engaging once more ( Gladstone et al. , 2012 ) . Social workers, nevertheless, have supported this household over many old ages and although battle is non described, impairment in the childrens development has continued. Assuming that my intercessions, hence, will needfully hold a greater impact is noncritical and as such I would reason the importance of lucidity, openness and honestness sing outlooks upon Sam and Paul and that if they are unable to safeguard and advance their childrens public assistance, with support, attention order options will be pursued, which could ensue in the kids being adopted. Reasoning this instance survey, I would propose is a complex undertaking, peculiarly as appraisal and public assistance planning are portion of a uninterrupted procedure and hence natural decisions do non needfully happen. Both constructs of important injury and kid in demand, I would reason, to some extent have been shown to be relevant to the Smart kids and that intercessions to advance wellness and development are required. Whilst a scope of appraisal accomplishments and methods have been explored, implementing these in pattern is more complex than conveying them within an statement and, I would propose, is mostly dependent upon the quality of working relationships with household members ( Platt, 2012 ) . Analyzing this instance survey has demonstrated to me the uncertainness which pervades safeguarding and advancing public assistance within societal work ( Ferguson, 2010 ) , the demand to do purposeful infinite for measuring strengths and protective factors ( Roose et al. , 2012 ) and the complexness of endeavoring for holistic analysis of inter-related presenting factors, whilst recognizing that uncertainness will stay in the ever-changing world of lives ( Saltiel, 2013 ) . Despite this, nevertheless, societal work requires a grade of decision, in coaction with household and treatment with directors, as safeguarding and advancing the public assistance of these kids necessitates competent and effectual appraisal, planning and intercession ( Munro, 2010 ) .

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